构词法Word Formation——转化法 Conversion
在构词法部分,之前我们已经了解过了派生法和合成法,今天小编要分享的是转化法。
“英语的转化(Conversion)是与派生密切相关的构词方法,指的是一个单词由一种词性转化成另一种或几种词性......转化在汉语中的应用不像英语这么严格,词类的分工不够明确,相比起来,汉语更为灵活自由,这是汉语造句功能强的原因之一。在汉语中,这样的词有:习惯、表演、需要、调查、决定、梦想、服务等,这些词既可以做名词,又可以作动词,可以根据实际情境自由转化。”(毛叶,英汉构词法的对比及其在英语阅读中的实践应用)
那么英语的转化是怎么实现的呢?下面是一些例子:
1. Send me an email please.
Email me please.
在这个例子中,这是email从名词向动词的转化;
2. The water is very cool.
The coffee will cool down very fast.
这是cool从形容词向动词的转化;
3. My mother help me to do my homework.
He gave me a lot of help.
这是help从动词向名词的转化;
4. I have this book.
Have you booked the ticket?
这是book从名词向动词的转化;
5. Give me your hand.
Hand in your papers please.
这是hand从名词向动词的转化;
6. 90% of the land is cultivated.
The plane landed safely.
这是land从名词向动词的转化;
7. I hate snakes.
The road snaked away into the distance.
这是snake从名词向动词的转化;
8. My mouth felt completely dry.
He mouthed a few obscenities at us and then moved off.
这是mouth从名词向动词的转化......